LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 1/27 - Achieving local economic change: what wo…
![Achieving local economic change: what works?](pages/page-0001-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 2/27 - Contents:
![Contents:](pages/page-0002-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 3/27 - About this research
![About this research](pages/page-0003-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 4/27 - Introduction
![Introduction](pages/page-0004-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 5/27 - When considering `success, the research …
![When considering `success, the research team used both broad and narrow definitions of economic change:](pages/page-0005-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 6/27 - most residents are experiencing social e…
![most residents are experiencing social exclusion. An adverse momentum builds up: the area has a poor image and residents become resigned to a culture of social exclusion and dependence on state income (Brennan et al, 2000). Residents have no control over the degree of exclusion they face (Burchardt,1999).](pages/page-0006-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 7/27 - Barriers to success include: insufficien…
![Barriers to success include: insufficient timescales and resources poorly designed engagement with residents weak links between local business and communities disconnection between neighbourhood activity and national policy pressures from austerity policies.](pages/page-0007-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 8/27 - Testing the key characteristics
![Testing the key characteristics](pages/page-0008-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 9/27 - Across the NDC programmes, there were cl…
![Across the NDC programmes, there were clear examples of how community engagement had made a difference. This was especially the case in education services for young people and in reshaping health interventions.](pages/page-0009-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 10/27 - Projects must ensure that what is being …
![Projects must ensure that what is being asked of people is realistic and appropriate.](pages/page-0010-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 11/27 - The role of existing infrastructure
![The role of existing infrastructure](pages/page-0011-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 12/27 - considerable variation between partnersh…
![considerable variation between partnerships. The NDC evaluation (CLG, E, 2010) showed that the top five best performing NDC areas achieved positive change across six key outcome areas. The best performing partnerships were those with:](pages/page-0012-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 13/27 - organisations that programmes should wor…
![organisations that programmes should work with. These included local authorities, businesses, transport providers, schools and other educational bodies, housing associations and faith organisations. This could be combined with designing joined-up approaches to early-intervention services. One interviewee pointed out that this is already happening in Greater Manchester.](pages/page-0013-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 14/27 - In some areas, the best strategy might b…
![In some areas, the best strategy might be to strengthen connections to growth sectors elsewhere. Where this is not possible, some suggested that programmes could support residents to start their own businesses or focus on opportunities to engage with the public sector, perhaps taking over the running of some services.](pages/page-0014-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 15/27 - "... they were often very focused on pro…
!["... they were often very focused on property developing. And so, places looked and felt better but a lot of people who actually lived there didnt see any benefits at all."](pages/page-0015-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 16/27 - Local economic decline is a long-term st…
![Local economic decline is a long-term structural problem: changing underlying structures and embedding positive change require many years of engagement and investment. It may be difficult to see positive results in the short term; any assessment of benefits must also take a long-term approach. All of the expert interviewees said that the duration of initiatives was important. Almost all agree on a timescale of at least seven to ten years:](pages/page-0016-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 17/27 - One interviewee did suggest that program…
![One interviewee did suggest that programmes should be assessed partway, with funding stopped if necessary:](pages/page-0017-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 18/27 - Connecting beyond the programme area
![Connecting beyond the programme area](pages/page-0018-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 19/27 - Connecting with business and employment
![Connecting with business and employment](pages/page-0019-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 20/27 - need worked best. Close working between …
![need worked best. Close working between the relevant agencies and the local JobCentre Plus was crucial to avoid duplication. Building strong relationships with local employers ensured a focus on employers needs. Aftercare for clients and employers was an important element in promoting the sustainability of a placement and subsequent job progression. Addressing the needs of both clients and businesses was essential (Walton et al, 2003).](pages/page-0020-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 21/27 - maintain local services; inward investme…
![maintain local services; inward investment; and working with employers to build community capacity and recruit local people.](pages/page-0021-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 22/27 - Conclusion
![Conclusion](pages/page-0022-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 23/27 - Success is greater in relation to place-…
![Success is greater in relation to place-based outcomes than people-based outcomes across economic, physical and social indicators.](pages/page-0023-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 24/27 - LEPs in particular were seen as problema…
![LEPs in particular were seen as problematic. Producing enough economic integration remains a significant challenge. Unintended consequences: schemes that focus on building peoples skills and employability often result in the beneficiaries moving out of the area. Alternatively, when an areas economy improves, it can become `gentrified, pricing out longstanding local residents.](pages/page-0024-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 25/27 - Each left-behind area needs an ambassado…
![Each left-behind area needs an ambassador or community economic development officer who could work closely with local councillors to advance its interests with the LEP and other relevant agencies. The evidence points firmly to a role for business mentors to represent the community and local businesses, building links and providing a connection between bodies such as LEPs and local community groups. Neighbourhoods must share more in the growth occurring in their wider local economy. A national spatial strategy would help left-behind areas better integrate into the wider economic system from which they have become increasingly dislocated.](pages/page-0025-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 26/27 - CLG (2010, E) The New Deal for Communiti…
![CLG (2010, E) The New Deal for Communities Programme: Volume Five - Exploring and Explaining Change in Regeneration Schemes.](pages/page-0026-large.png)
LT-19-10-Achieving-local-economic-change.pdf - page 27/27 - ODPM (2004) Transformation and sustainab…
![ODPM (2004) Transformation and sustainability: Future Support, Management and Monitoring of the New Deal for Communities Programme. Pacione, M. (2009) Urban Geography: A Global Perspective, Third Edition. Routledge: London. Rhodes, J., Tyler, P and Brennan, A (2007). The Single Regeneration Budget: Final Evaluation. Department of Land Economy. https://www.landecon.cam.ac.uk/pdf-files/cv/petetyler/SRB part1_finaleval_feb07.pdf Syrett, S, and North, D, (2006). The Dynamics of Local Economies and Deprived Neighbourhoods. Department for Communities and Local Government. London. Thornton, A, Litchfield, A, Brooks, S, Britt, R and Hitchin, J (2019). Community Business Fund Evaluation. Power to Change and Business in Community Hands. Community Fund. Tyler, P., Evenhuis, E., Martin, R., Sunley, P., and Gradiner, B. (2017). Growing apart? Structural Transformation and the Uneven Development of British Cities. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 10 (3). Varady, D., Kleinhans, R and van Ham, M (2015). The Potential of Community Entrepreneurship for Neighbourhood Revitalization in the United Kingdom and the United States. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 9 (3), pp.253-276.Wallace, B. (2005). Exploring the Meaning(s) of Sustainability for Community-based Social Entrepreneurs. Social Enterprise Journal, 1 (1), pp.78-89. Walton, F, Sanderson, I, Botterill, K and Halliday, S (2003). Job Brokerage: Early Findings. Research Report 2. New Deal for Communities; National Evaluation, Sheffield Hallam University.](pages/page-0027-large.png)