Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 1/27 - Delivering Zero-Carbon Schools

Delivering Zero-Carbon Schools

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 2/27 - Contents

Contents

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 3/27 - 1 Foreword

1 Foreword

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 4/27 - 2 Executive Summary

2 Executive Summary

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 5/27 - The model takes a two-stage approach:

The model takes a two-stage approach:

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 6/27 - Base Model Plus To achieve overall zero-…

Base Model Plus To achieve overall zero-carbon schools is more challenging and would require a higher capital cost through the Base Model Plus. The key findings were:

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 7/27 - 3 Introduction

3 Introduction

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 8/27 - Loughborough University The Centre for R…

Loughborough University The Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST) at Loughborough University has world-leading expertise in solar and wind power, thermal storage, and power systems. Researchers at CREST have developed a detailed understanding of electricity demand and the application of low carbon technologies such as solar PV, heat pumps, electric vehicles, and battery storage systems.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 9/27 - 4 Project Objectives

4 Project Objectives

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 10/27 - 5 Context

5 Context

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 11/27 - 5.3 Schools � a focal point for climate …

5.3 Schools � a focal point for climate change action Schools are often the hubs of communities, bringing local people together. Recently pupils have been the catalyst to unite local people around the issues of climate change mitigation and are leading the way in asking for change from local and national government.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 12/27 - In a more local context, notwithstanding…

In a more local context, notwithstanding the status of the school, the land is often owned by the local authority and their permission as landlord can be required to install low carbon technologies. The governing body of the school for whatever reason can also block the transition to a zerocarbon school.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 13/27 - 6 Green Fox & Attenborough Learning Trus…

6 Green Fox & Attenborough Learning Trust Case Study

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 14/27 - 7 The Base Model

7 The Base Model

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 15/27 - It could be argued that switching to a r…

It could be argued that switching to a renewable electricity tariff achieves a zero-carbon outcome without implementing other measures. However, installing energy efficiency measures and solar PV not only reduces consumption but also saves costs which is important for funding the Base Model Plus which includes air source heat pumps which increase electricity demand.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 16/27 - However the SEG differs from previous sc…

However the SEG differs from previous schemes such as the Feed in Tariff. Contracts usually run for 12 months, there is no fixed price a supplier must pay, and prices are subject to change each year. This uncertainty makes long-term modelling difficult.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 17/27 - 7.8 Behaviour Change The Salix surveys f…

7.8 Behaviour Change The Salix surveys forecast up to 5% of savings from changes in staff in pupil behaviour, particularly from better management of heat. These savings have not been accounted for in the Base Model or Base Model Plus because they are hard to measure or verify. However behavioural change could provide further cost savings and could be part of financially incentivising schools to further reduce their energy bills.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 18/27 - 8 The Base Model Plus

8 The Base Model Plus

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 19/27 - The ALT has a higher cost of heating due…

The ALT has a higher cost of heating due to the higher cost of the District Heat Network (DHN) relative to gas. The differential between the current cost of heat (5.3p per kWh) supplied by the DHN and the electricity price (13p per kWh) to operate the ASHPs is less than the same differential using gas as the primary fuel.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 20/27 - These savings provided a 42% reduction i…

These savings provided a 42% reduction in energy bills.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 21/27 - 8.2 Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) A Po…

8.2 Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is negotiated between a generator of energy and a buyer (or off taker), who will purchase power over an agreed time and at an agreed price. In most cases a licensed energy supplier is required to facilitate this; either the supplier buying directly to sell onto their customers or helping arrange a purchase with a local buyer.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 22/27 - Local factors play a major part in wheth…

Local factors play a major part in whether a private wire arrangement is viable. It requires the two sites to be in close enough proximity with a safe and effective way to route power between the two sites.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 23/27 - 8.4 Local Energy and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) …

8.4 Local Energy and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) models A P2P network is a more sophisticated form of power purchasing agreement that is facilitated across a local area. The logic of a P2P network is that you aggregate all the demand of homes and businesses that want to take part, and then try and match that to whatever local generation is available.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 24/27 - There are several factors to consider in…

There are several factors to consider in the Local Energy scenario. Export from the school alone would be insufficient to setup the club, so extra local generation would be required that Green Fox would own or must procure. The definition of local is usually defined by where they sit on the electricity network, not by city or postcode. The schools and local club members would need to sit on the same primary substation. The match tariff is also reliant on whats happening in the market, and energy suppliers supporting it.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 25/27 - Creating revenue from battery storage an…

Creating revenue from battery storage and optimisation Two options have been explored for the ALT. Pricing is commercially sensitive to both companies so this is an illustration of how the model could work. For any future net zero school project pricing will vary depending on the schools energy demand, profile and location.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 26/27 - The four primary schools consist of ten …

The four primary schools consist of ten buildings that are all significantly different, therefore the Base Model Plus concludes that the average primary school would cost �230,000 to totally decarbonise in terms of its energy consumption and use.

Delivering_Zero-Carbon_Schools.pdf - page 27/27 - 9 Glossary and Definition of Terms

9 Glossary and Definition of Terms